1 d no[t] [non; pas] 不，非，否
12
dr I, me, we, us [nous; je; moi] 我，我们
13 dm you [tu, toi; vous] 你
14 df he, him [il; lui] 男他
(df¯ she, her [elle] 女她)
15 dso oneself, him-/her-/itself, themselves [soi, soi-même] 自己，他自己
16 dl one [pron], someone [on, quelqu'un, le prochain] 一个 某个
17 ds other [autre] 其他
112
ddr earth [terre] 土地
113 ddm season [saison] 季节
114 ddf winter [hiver] 冬天
115 ddso spring[time] [printemps] 春季
116 ddl summer [été [n]] 夏天
117 dds autumn [automne] 秋季
121
drd time [also weather?] [temps] 时间
122 drr January [janvier] 一月
123 drm day [jour, la journée] 日，日子
124 drf week [semaine] 周; 星期; 礼拜; 一周; 七天的时间; (除星期六和星期日以外的) 五天;
125 drso month [mois] 月份
126 drl year [année] 年
127 drs century [siècle] 100年; 百年; 世纪; (一个运动员所得的) 100分;
131
dmd universe [univers] 宇宙; 天地万物; 万象; (已知宇宙以外的) 宇宙; (某种) 经验体系;
133 dmm February [février] 公历二月
137 dms god [dieu] 神，上帝，天公
144
dff March [month] [mars [mois]] 三月
151
dsod hungry [be -] [avoir faim] 感到饿的; 饥饿的; 挨饿的;
152 dsor eat [manger] 吃
153 dsom bread [pain] 面包; 钱;
154 dsof thirsty [be -] [avoir soif] 渴的; 口渴的; 渴望; 渴求; 热望; 干旱的; 缺水的;
155 dsoso April [avril] 四月
156 dsol drink [v] [boire] 喝，飮
157 dsos water [eau] 水
166
dll May [month] [mai] 公历五月
171
dtd help, assist [aider, secourir, assister, seconder, venir au secours] 帮助，协助
174 dtf accomplish [accomplir] 完成
177 dtt June [juin] 公历六月
1151 ddsod gospel, bible [évangile, bible] 福音，耶经
1213
drdm body [corps] 身体
1214 drdf head [tête] 头
1215 drdso hair [cheveux] 毛发，头发
1232 drmr eye [oeil] 眼睛
1246 drfl arm [bras] 臂膀
1321
dmrd senses [the five -] [les cinq sens] 五感
1324 dmrf touch, feel [toucher, palper, manier] 触摸，感觉
1326 dmrl sense [v] [sentir] 感觉到; 意识到; 觉察出; 检测出;
1323 dmrm see [voir] 看见
1327 dmrs hear [entendre, ouïr] 听
1325 dmrso taste [v] [goûter, déguster] 有…味道; 有…味道的; 尝出，品出(食品或饮料的味道);
1341 dmfd man [male] [homme]男人，人
(dmfd¯ woman [femme]女人，人)
1342 dmfr live [v] [vivre] 生活，存活
1345 dmfso child [enfant] 儿童，小孩
1354 dmsof intelligence 智力; 才智; 智慧; (尤指关于敌对国家的) 情报; 情报人员;
1361 dmld say, speak [parler; dire] 说话
1362 dmlr pronounce [prononcer] 发音; 读(音); 正式宣布(或公布、授予等);
1373 dmsm liberty [liberté] 自由(自己选择生活方式而不受政府及权威限制); 自由(不受关押或奴役的状态); 自由(做某事的合法权利或行动自由);
1377 dmss superstition 迷信; 迷信观念(或思想);
1412
dfdr wait for/on [attendre] 等待
1432 dfmr quality [qualité]
n. 质量; 品质; 上乘; 优质; 高标准; (尤指好的) 人品，素质，品德; adj. 优质的; 高质量的; 盖帽儿了; 棒极了;
1433 dfmm behind [derrière] 在(或向)…的后面; 在(或向)…的背面;
1441 dffd Easter [fête de Pâques] 复活节
1453 dfsom beautiful [beau] 美好
1457 dfsos truth [vérité] 真相; 实情; 事实; 真实情况; 真实; 真实性; 真理;
1461 dfld candor, sincerity [franchise, sincérité] 诚实，可信
1462 dflr goodness, gentleness [bonté, mansuétude] 良好，温和
1463 dflm sensitivity [sensibilité, impressionnabilité] 体贴; 体恤; 体察; 敏锐的感觉; 悟性; 容易生气; 易被惹恼; 敏感;
1464 dflf warmth [attitude] [cordialité] 温暖; 热情
1465 dflso generosity [générosité, désintéressement] 慷慨; 大方; 宽宏大量;
1467 dfls humanity, humaneness [humanité] 人道、人文
1474 dfsf conscience 良心; 良知; 内疚; 愧疚; 凭良心;
1475 dfsso honesty [honnête] 诚实; 老实; 正直;
1512
dsodr call [appeler] 呼叫
1515 dsodso open [v] [ouvrir]开启，开放
1534 dsomf light, kindle [allumer ] 灯，点燃
1543 dsofm rise, get up [se lever] 起来
1574 dsosf guide [guider] 带路，导游
1614
dldf put, place [mettre] 放置，放置
1613 dldm accept, consent [to] [accepter, consentir] 接受，同意
1625 dlrso glass [drinking] [verre [à boire]] 玻璃杯
1627 dlrs wine [vin] 红酒
1642 dlfr food [nourriture, alimentation] 食物; (某种) 食物;
1645 dlfso soup, broth [potage; bouillon] 汤，肉汤
1651 dlsod meat [viande] 肉类
1712
dtdr enough [assez] 足够; 充分; 充足;
1713
dtdm vegetable [légume] 蔬菜
1714 dtdf salad [salade] (生吃的) 蔬菜色拉，蔬菜沙拉; (拌有肉、鱼、奶酪等的) 混合色拉，混合沙拉; (或生或熟，多拌有蛋黄酱，与面食、豆类等一起食用的) 蔬菜色拉;
1717 dtdt egg [oeuf] 蛋，卵
1721 dtrd milk [lait]奶，乳
1723 dsrm butter [beurre]黄油，牛油
1724 dtrf cheese [fromage] 奶酪，乳酪
1726 dsrl fruit 水果
1727 dtrt bakery; pastry [p�tisserie] 面包(糕饼)店; 面包(糕饼)烘房; 面包厂; 油酥面团; 油酥面皮; 油酥糕点;
1741 dtfd thoughtless/unwise act [imprudence] 轻率的举动; 不明智的行为;
1742 dtfr beer [bière (boisson)]啤酒
1747 dtft sugar [sucre]糖
1745 dtfso coffee [café]咖啡
1751 dtsod chocolate [chocolat] 巧克力
1754 dtsof cooking, cuisine [cuisine] 烹饪
2 r and [et, ainsi que] 与，和，跟，伴随
21
rd my, mine [mon, le mien] 我的
. (rd¯ my, mine [fem] [ma, la mienne] 我的，姎的)
23 rm your[s] [you sg.] [ton, le tien] 你的
24 rf his, her[s] [son, le sien] 他的，她的
25 rso our[s] [notre, le nôtre] 我们的
26 rl your[s] [you pl.] [votre, le vôtre] 你们的
27 rs their[s] [leur, le leur] 他们的
211
rdd one, unity, first [un; unité; premier] 一，合一，第一
212 rdr think; philosophy [CL] [penser; philosophie (CL)] 想，哲学
213 rdm repugnance [répugnance] CL
214 rdf ethics, morals [-ity] [morale]CL
215 rdso acquainted with [be -], know [person] [connaître]
221
rrd July [juillet] 七月
223 rrm August [août] 八月
224 rrf September [septembre] 九月
225 rrso October [octobre] 十月
226 rrl November [novembre] 十一月
227 rrs December [décembre] 十二月
233
rmm two, second [deux, deuxième, second] 二 第二
236 rml give [donner] 给予
241 rfd look at [regarder]
242 rfr pass/cross over [passer]
244 rff three, third [trois, troisième]
245 rfso encounter, meet [rencontrer]
246 rfl ask [question] [demander]
247 rfs reply, answer [répondre, répliquer, répartir, riposter]
251
rsod listen [écouter] 听
253 rsom leave, come/go out of - [sortir] 去 离开
254 rsof return [n/v], later [see you -] [retour; revenir; au revoir]
255 rsoso four [quatre] 四
256 rsol pay [payer] 支付
261
rld sleepy [be -] [avoir sommeil]
266 rll five [cinq]
277 rtt six[th] [six[ième]] 六 第六
2144
rdff health [be -y] [santé [avoir la -]]
2147 rdfs clothing [habillement, vêtement]
2131 rdmd wash oneself [se laver]
2124 rdrf shirt [chemise]
2126 rdrl shoe, boot [chaussure]
2157 rdsos umbrella [parapluie]
2216
rrdl masonry [maçonnerie]
2212 rrdr build, construct[ion] [construction; bâtir]
2346
rmfl house [maison] 房子
2347 rmfs lodge [-ings], reside[nce]; rent (lodging) [to?from?] [logement; habitation, demeure, résidence appartement; louer; demeurer]
2321 rmrd go, walk [marcher]
2324 rmrf car [voiture] 车辆 汽车
2323 rmrm walk around [se promener] 四处走动，漫步;
2325 rmrso visit [visite]
2351 rmsod sleep [v] [dormir] 睡
2375 rmsso stairs [escalier] 楼梯; 梯级;
2413
rfdm furniture [mobilier]
2443 rffm locksmith [serrurerie]
2461 rfld linen [linge]
2464 rflf sew [coudre]
2463 rflm mend, darn [raccomoder]
2462 rflr tear/rip [up] [déchirer]
2431 rfmd dead, die [mort; mourir]
2424 rfrf sit down [s'asseoir]
2451 rfsod fire [feu; incendie]
2454 rfsof equal, peer [pair]
2475 rfsso cut, knife [n] [couper, couteau]
2514
rsodf hide [vt] [cacher]
2544 rsoff hammer [marteau]
2561 rsold tired [grow -] [se fatiguer]
2563 rsolm lie down, go to bed [se coucher]
2565 rsolso rest, lie down [se reposer]
2536 r¯soml continuation
rsom¯l continual [continuel]
(rsoml continue [continuer])
(rsoml¯ continually [continuellement])
2522 rsorr pliers, pincers [tenailles]
2571 rsotd useful [utile]
2572 rsotr work [v] [travailler] 工作 做工
2536 rs¯oml continuer (one who continues) [continuateur]
2612
rldr bleach, wash[ing] [blanchissage, lavage; blanchir]
2636 rlml inexpensive, cheap [bon marché]
2644 rlff right [on the -] [droite [à]]
2647 rlfs hold, seize [tenir]
2653 レラソミ rlsom find [trouver]
2661 rlld cabinet-work [ébénesterie]
2711
rsdd equipment, tools [outillage]
2715 rsdso family [famille] 家族
2717 rsds father [père, papa] 爸爸
(rsds¯ mother [mère] 妈妈)
2725 rtrso son [fils] 儿子
(rsrso¯ daughter [fille] 女儿)
2732 rsmr brother [frère] 兄弟
(rsmr¯ sister [soeur] 姐妹)
2752 rssor name [nom] 名字
2763 rslm loan, lend [prêter] 借出
2771 rttd machine 机器
3 m or [ou, ou bien] 或者
31
md for, so [that] [pour, afin de, afin que]
32 mr that, which, who [qui, que, quel, lequel] 谁（也做「xxx的人」的「的」、「man who xxx」的「who」）
34 mf whose [dont, de qui, duquel] 谁的
35 mso good [adj and abstract n] [bien] 好（形）
36 ml look!, here [is -!], there [is -!] [voici, voilà]
37 ms good evening/night [bonsoir, bonne nuit]
311
mdd thirteen [treize]
312 mdr liking, being sympatico [sympathie] CL
314 mdf prefer [préférer]
. md¯f preferable [préférable]
. m¯df preference [préférence]
. mdf¯ preferably [préférablement]
315 mdso admire [admirer]
316 mdl reciprocity [reciprocité]
317 mds friend [ami]
322
mrr fourteen [quatorze]
331
mmd seven [sept] 七
332 mmr eight [huit[aine]] 8
334 mmf nine [neuf, neuvaine] 9
335 mmso ten [dix, dizaine] 10
336 mml eleven [onze] 11
337 mms twelve [douze, douzaine] 12
341
mfd pleasure [plaisir]
344 mff fifteen [quinzaine]
346 mfl wish [désirer, souhaiter, faire des voeux]
351
msod come [venir]
352 msor enter [entrer]
356 msol equality [égalité]
362
mlr confidence, trust [confiance]
367 mls like, love [aimer]
374
msf husband, marriage [mari, époux; mariage] 丈夫
. (msf¯ wife [épouse] 妻)
375 msso happy [-iness], good luck [bonheur, félicité; heureux]
3112
mddr how much/many [combien]
3122 mdrr almost, around [approximativement, à peu près, environ, vers, presque, quasi]
3124 mdrf before [avant]
3145 mdfso orphan [orphelin]
3146 mdfl abandon, forsake [abandonner, délaisser, quitter]
3151 mdsod fear, be afraid of [craindre, appréhender, redouter]
3161 mdld refuse, reject [refuser, rejeter]
3171 mdsd sacrifice (v) [sacrificer] CL
3216
mrdl undertake [a project] [entreprendre]
3225 mrrso gradually, imperceptibly [insensiblement, imperceptiblement, graduellement]
3313
mmdm however, nevertheless [cependant, pourtant, néanmoins]
3341 mmfd before, in front of [devant]
3342 mmfr opposite, facing [en face]
3345 mmfso everywhere [partout]
3352 mmsor at [someone's house], with [chez]
3421
mfrd selfishness [égoïsme]
3434 mfmf laziness [paresse, fainéantise]
3516
msodl change [vt/i] [changer]
3525 msorso receive [recevoir]
3526 msorl meet, get together [réunir]
3626
mlrl slander [v] [calomnier]
3672 mlsr play [jouer]
3721
msrd remain [rester]
3734 msmf responsibility [responsabilité]
3741 msfd indiscretion [indiscrétion]
3751 mssod experience [expérience]
3766 msll last [adj] [dernier]
3772 mssr without [sans]
4 f at, to [à] 去，往，给，在于
41
fd what [quoi, qu'est-ce que c'est?] 何物
42 fr with, together [avec, conjointement]
43 fm this, that [ce, cet, ceci, cela]
44
45 fso why [pourquoi, pour quel motif]
46 fl good, delicious [bon, savoreux, délectable]
47 fs much, very [beaucoup, très, archi, infiniment]
411
fdd eighty [quatre-vingts]
412 fdr corrupt (v, morally) [démoraliser] CL
413 fdm letter [mail] [lettre] 信件，邮件
414 fdf date [tell the - of] [dater]
415 fdso signature
417 fds finish [finir] 最后滴
421
frd address, direct - to [adresser]
422 frr hundred [cent[aine]]
423 frm be [être]
424 frf go [aller]
426 frl post, mail [poste (aux lettres)]
431
fmd stamp [v], pay postage [affranchir]
432 fmr serve [servir]
433 fmm thousand [mille] 千
434 fmf stamp [postal] [timbre]
435 fmso possess [possèder; avoir]
436 fml letter-carrier [facteur]
437 fms carry [porter]
442
ffr twenty [vingt]
443 ffm thirty [trente]
445 ffso forty [quarante]
446 ffl fifty [cinquante]
447 ffs sixty [soixante]
452
fsor leave [partir]
455 fsoso million [million] PL
456 fsol do, bring about [faire, commettre]
457 fsos prepare [préparer]
461
fld necessary [it is -] [falloir]
462 flr able [be - to], can [aux] [pouvoir]
463 flm means [of doing] [moyen]
464 flf understand [comprendre]
472
fsr information [renseignement]
474 fsf want, wish [vouloir]
475 fsso cry, weep [pleurer, sanglotter]
476 fsl decide [décider]
4123
fdrm country, rural [campagne]
4171 fdsd gardening [jardinage, horticulture]
4177 fdss comfort, relieve [soulager]
4212
frdr agriculture
4213 frdm after [après]
4214 frdf plow, furrow [vt] [labourer, sillonner]
4234 frmf harvest, gather [récolter, moissonner, recueillir]
4251 frsod horse, stallion [cheval] 马
. (frsod¯ mare [jument] 母马)
4272 frsr dog [chien] 狗
4273 frsm cat [chat] 猫
4322
fmrr camphor [camphre]
4331 fmmd convalescence
4342 fmfr army, troop [troupe; armée]
4346 fmfl regiment [régiment]
4412
ffdr sick[ness], be sick [avoir mal, être malade; maladie]
4413 ffdm consultation [med]
4414 ffdf doctor [médecin]
4415 ffdso surgeon [chirurgien]
4416 ffdl dentist [dentiste] 牙医
4417 ffds oculist [oculiste]
4425 ffrso chemist, druggist, pharmacist [pharmacien]
4462 fflr left [on the -] [gauche [à]]
4526
fsorl pull [tirer]
4532 fsomr strategy, tactic [stratégie, tactique]
4563 fsolm sailor [marin [n]]
4567 fsols[o?] boat, ship [bateau]
4612
fldr sail, travel by boat [naviguer]
4613 fldm space [espace] CL
4614 fldf league (4 km) [lieue] CL
4615 fldso row (v) [ramer] CL
4642 flfr flood [inondation]
4626 flrl? heal [vt/i] [guèrir]
4657 flsos unite, unity [union, unir]
4712
fsdr travel, journey [v] [voyager]
4721 fsrd railroad/-way [chemin de fer]
4724 fsrf transport [transporter]
4732 fsmr speed [vitesse]
4737 fsms advance [v] [avancer]x
4745 fsfso accident
4754 fssof way, path [chemin; route]
4752 fssor through(out) [go -] [parcourir]
4766 fsll anatomy [anatomie]
4767 fsls station [gare]
5 so if [si [condition]] 要是
51
sod but [mais] 但是
52 sor in [en, dans] 在
53 som bad [mal] 不好 坏 糟糕
54 sof because [parce que] 因为
56 sol always, without end [perpétuellement, toujours, sans fin, sans cesse]
57 sos thank[s!] [remercier, merci] 谢谢
511
sodd Sunday [dimanche] 星期天
512 sodr copy [v] [copier] 拷贝 复制
513 sodm example, imitate [exemple; imiter]
515 sodso interpret, translate [traduire; interpréter]
522
sorr yesterday [hier] 昨天
524 sorf abridge, abbreviate [abréger]
525 sorso language [langage] 语言，索来索语
526 sorl dictionary [dictionnaire]
533
somm today [aujourd'hui] 今天
536 soml remember [se souvenir]
544
soff tomorrow [demain] 明天
546 sofl leave [laisser]
551
sosod Monday [lundi] 周一
552 sosor Tuesday [mardi] 周二
553 sosom Wednesday [mercredi] 周三
554 sosof Thursday [jeudi] 周四
556 sosol Friday [vendredi] 周五
557 sosos Saturday [samedi] 周六
562
solsr know [a fact] [savoir]
563 solm pardon [v] [pardonner]
565 solso permit [permettre]
566 soll hour [heure] 小时 点钟
567 sols climb [monter, grimper]
572
sosr joy[ous] [gaieté; joyeux]
573 sosm misfortune, unfortunate [malheur[eux]]
574 sosf laugh [rire] 笑
5114
soddf chillblain [engelure]
5123 sodrm theater [thêatre]
5126 sodrl black [noir] 黑色
5151 sodsod close [v] [fermer]
5157 sodsos succeed [réussir]
5171 sodsd orchestra [orchestre]
5172 sodsr instrument
5234
sormf sing [chanter] 唱
5345
somfso tone [ton (degré d'un son)]
5352 somsor music [musique] 音乐
5357 somsos harmony [harmonie] 和谐 和弦
5411
sofdd suffocation [asphyxie]
5431 sofmd age [vt/i] [vieillir]
5466 sofll danger 危险的
5521
sosord migraine
5616
soldl painting [art of] [peinture, coloris]
5634 solmf sculpture
5662 sollr purgation
5711
sosdd bier [bière (cercueil) ]
5712 sosdr literature [littérature, belles-letres]
5747 sosfs new [neuf [adj]] 新的
5761 sosld telegraph [télégraphe]
6 l the [le]
61
ld no one, nothing [rien, nul, personne, aucune personne, néant]
62 lr by [agent/means] [par]
63 lm here, there [ici, là]
64 lf bad [mauvais]
65 lso never, ever [jamais, en aucun temps]
67 ls of [the] [de, du]
613
ldm school; student [école; écolier]
. (ldm¯ schoolgirl [écolière])
614 ldf read [lire [v]]
615 ldso book [livre]
617 lds word [mot]
622
lrr fog [be -gy] [faire du brouillard]
625 lrso lesson [leçon]
632
lmr write [écrire]
634 lmf pen [writing] [plume]
635 lmso forget [oublier]
636 lml ink [encre]
637 lms difficulty [difficulté]
641
lfd paper [papier]
644 lff snow [n/v] [neiger; neige]
. (lff? hail [n/v] [grêler])
651
lsod pencil [crayon] 铅笔
654 lsof defeat [défaire] v. 击败; 战胜; 使困惑; 难住; 使失败; 阻挠; 挫败; n. 失败; 战败; 挫败; 击败; 战胜;
655 lsoso ice, freeze [glace; geler] 冰，冷冻
664
llf morning [matin]
665 llso evening [soir]
667 lls night [nuit]
671
lsd something [quelque chose; chose [une -]]
672 lsr entertain, amuse [divertir; amuser]
674 lsf hesitate [hésiter]
677 lss cold [it is -] [faire froid]
6121
ldrd industry [industrie]
6123 ldrm manufacture [fabriquer, manufacturer]
6124 ldrf matter, substance [matière, substance]
6125 ldrso produce [produire]
6126 ldrl sell, retail [vendre, débiter]
6127 ldrs bulk [in -] [en gros, en bloc]
6131 ldmd establish [établir, instituer, ériger]
6132 ldmr store, shop [boutique, magasin]
6141 ldfd commerce, trade; merchant [commerce; marchand]
6161 ldld muslin [mousseline]
6212
lrdr color [couleur] 颜色
6215 lrdso white [blanc] 白色
6216 lrdl buy [acheter, acquérir,se rendre acquéreur]
6232 lrmr violet [color] [violet] 紫色
6234 lrmf green [vert [couleur]] 青绿色
6235 lrmso yellow [jaune] 黄绿色
6236 lrml blue [bleu] 蓝色
6237 lrms red [rouge] 红色
6242 lrfr propose, offer [proposer, offrir]
6253 lrsom string, twine [ficelle]
6256 lrsol take [prendre]
6262 lrlr count [v] [compter]
6263 lrlm calculate [calculer]
6264 lrlf number [symbol] [numéro; chiffre]
6271 lrsd price [prix]
6272 lrsr value [valeur]
6315
lmdso mix [mélanger]
6331 lmmd tinsmith's [ferblanterie]
6357 lmsos all, everything [tout]
6362 lmlr expense [-ive] [cher, chèreté]
6364 lmlf merchandise [marchandise]
6412
lfdr numbering [numération]
6413 lfdm add[ition] [addition; additionner]
6414 lfdf subtract[ion] [soustraction; soustraire]
6415 lfdso multiply, multiplication [multiplier, multiplication]
6416 lfdl divide, division [division; diviser]
6417 lfds sharing, distribution [répartition, partage]
6426 lfrl half [moitié]
6451 lfsod cash [on hand], money [monnaie, espèces]
6454 lfsof money [argent]
6456 lfsol franc [$]
6457 lfsos centime
6461 lfld measure [v] [mesurer]
6463 lflm geometry (-ic[ian]) [géométre/-ie, -ique] CL
6464 lflf liter [litre]
6474 lfsf gram [gramme]
6511
lsodd grocery store [épicerie]
6524 lsorf meter [mètre]
6526 lsorl give back, repay [rendre]
6532 lsomr specimen, sample [échantillon, spécimen]
6541 lsofd display [n], show [v] [étalage; montrer]
6542 lsofr exposition, exhibition
6543 lsofm assortment, set [assortiment]
6544 lsolf guarantee [v] [garantir]
6577 lsoss flour [farine]
6626
llrl bookstore [librairie]
6627 llrs hardware store, iron-monger's [quincaillerie]
6631 llmd press, printing shop [imprimerie]
6641 llfd watchmaker's [horlogerie]
6711
lsdd butcher's [boulangerie]
6735 lsmso notions [store] [mercerie]
6767 lsls earn [also win?] [gagner]
7 s yes, agreed [oui, soit, volontiers, d'accord]
71
sd same [the - thing] [le même, la même chose]
72 sr each [one], every [one] [chacun, chaque, tous] 每一个
73 sm good day [bonjour]哈喽
74 sf little, barely [peu, guère]
75 sso mister, sir [monsieur, le sieur] 先生 男士
. (sso¯ Mrs, lady [madame, dame] 夫人 女士)
76 sl boy, youth, bachelor [jeune homme, homme célibataire; garçon]少年，年轻人
. (sl¯ girl, young woman [demoiselle; madamoiselle; jeune fille, etc.]少女)
711
sdd air 空气 天空
713 sdm enemy [ennemi] 敌人
714 sdf begin [vt/i] [commencer] 开始
715 sdso study [n/v] [étudier; étude] 学习
716 sdl progress [v] [progresser]
717 sds learn [apprendre]
724 srf exactitude
725 srso correct
731 smd Satan, devil [Satan] CL 撒旦，魔王
732 smr explain [expliquer] 解释; 说明; 阐明; 说明(…的)原因; 解释(…的)理由
734 smf meaning [signification]
736 sml ease [facilité]
744 sff sun [soleil] 太阳
746 sfl repeat [répéter]
747 sfs again [encore]再次
757 ssos question [v] [questionner] 提问
761 sld compare [comparer]
763 slm detest [détester]
765 slso descend [descendre]
771 ssd rain [v] [pleuvoir] 雨 下雨
772 ssr wind [n], blow [v] [venter; vente [il -]]
775 ssso thunder[storm] [tonner; tonnerre; orage]
776 ssl heat; hot [it is -] [faire chaud; chaleur]
7121
sdrd town, citizen [ville; citoyen] 镇子 城里人
7127 sdrs street [rue]
7131 sdmd place [n] [place] CL
7137 sdms municipality [municipalité]
7145 sdfso restaurant
7147 sdfs market [marché [n]] 市场
7171 sdsd middle, midst [milieu] 中间 中部
7212
srdr government [gouvernement] 政府
7215 srdso election [élection]
7231 srmd deaf [be -] [être sourd] CL
7267 srls constitute (-ion[al]) [constituer (-ion[nel], -ant)] CL
7271 srsd diplomacy [diplomatie]
7272 srsr politics [-al?] [politique]
7276 srsl republic [république] 共和国 共和
7361
smld magazine, newspaper [journal, gazette] 杂志 报纸
7374 smsf recede, lose ground [reculer, rétrograder]
7464
sflf rendez-vous
7432 sfmr internationalism [internationalisme] 国际主义
7423 sfrm country, nation [pays]国
7532
ssomr finance 资金; 财政; 金融; 财务; (个人、组织、国家的) 财力，财源，财务管理;
7574 ssosf kill [tuer] 杀
7576 ssosl fall [tomber] 降落，落下
7631
slmd police 警察
7676 slsl lose [perdre] 遗失; 丢失; (因事故、年老、死亡等) 损失，丧失，失去; 被…夺去;
7715
ssdso magistracy [magistrature] (统称)地方行政官，地方执法官，治安官;
7731 ssmd testimony [témoignage] 证据; 证明; 证词; 证言; 口供;
7764 sslf imprisonment; police station [emprisonnement,incarcération; poste (de police)]【U】监禁；关押；禁锢，警察局; 警察分局; 派出所;
.
113 ddm season [saison] 季节
114 ddf winter [hiver] 冬天
115 ddso spring[time] [printemps] 春季
116 ddl summer [été [n]] 夏天
117 dds autumn [automne] 秋季
Template:Short description Template:Multiple issues Template:Infobox language
Solresol (Solfège: Sol-Re-Sol) is a constructed language devised by François Sudre, beginning in 1827. His major book on it, Langue musicale universelle, was published after his death in 1866,[1] though he had already been publicizing it for some years. Solresol enjoyed a brief spell of popularity, reaching its pinnacle with Boleslas Gajewski's 1902 posthumous publication of Grammaire du Solresol. An ISO 639-3 language code has been requested as of 28 July 2017.[2]
The teaching of sign languages to the deaf was discouraged between 1880 and 1891 in France, contributing to Solresol's descent into obscurity. After a few years of popularity, Solresol nearly vanished in the face of more successful languages, such as Volapük and Esperanto. Today, there exist small communities of Solresol enthusiasts scattered across the world, able to communicate with one another thanks to the internet.[3]
Solresol words are made from one to five syllables or notes. Each of these may be one of only seven basic phonemes, which may in turn be accented or lengthened. There is another phoneme, silence, which is used to separate words: words cannot be run together as they are in English.
The phonemes can be represented in a number of different ways – as the seven musical notes in an octave, as spoken syllables (based on solfège, a way of identifying musical notes), with the seven colours of the rainbow, symbols, hand gestures etc. Thus, theoretically Solresol communication can be done through speaking, singing, signing, flags of different color – even painting.
Each "note" of Solresol is represented as a symbol, for example, "Do" is a Circle, "Re" is a vertical line, "Mi" and "La" are both half-circles, the former facing downwards, the latter facing right, "Fa" is a diagonal line from left-top to right-bottom, "Sol" is a horizontal line, and "Si or Ti" is a diagonal line from left-bottom to right-top.
Words of Solresol are formed by connecting the symbols in the order they appear in the word.
In Solresol morphology, the longer words are divided into categories of meaning, based on their first syllable, or note. Words beginning with 'sol' have meanings related to arts and sciences, or, if they begin with 'solsol', sickness and medicine (e.g. solresol, "language"; solsolredo, "migraine"). Like other constructed languages with a priori vocabulary, Solresol faces considerable problems in categorizing the real world around it sensibly. The last couple of syllables may be arbitrary, to capture distinctions such as "apple" vs "pear" which do not fit simple categories.
Feminine words are formed by accenting the last syllable, and plurals by lengthening it.
A unique feature of Solresol is that meanings are negated by reversing the syllables in words. For instance fala means good or tasty, and lafa means bad. It is unclear how this interacts with the way words are categorized by their first note, and is not true in all instances, such as young man, bachelor and of not being opposites.
The following table shows the words of up to two syllables:
| First (below) and second (right) syllables | No second syllable | -do | -re | -mi | -fa | -sol | -la | -si/-ti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do- | no, not, neither, nor | (past) | I, me | you [sg] | he | self, oneself | one, someone | other |
| Re- | and, as well as | my, mine | (pluperfect) | your, yours [sg] | his | our, ours | your, yours [pl] | their |
| Mi- | or, or even | for, in order to/that | who, which (rel pron), that (conj) | (future) | whose, of which | well (adv) | here/there is, behold | good evening/night |
| Fa- | to | what? | with, jointly | this, that | (conditional) | why, for what reason | good, tasty, delectable | much, very, extremely |
| Sol- | if | but | in, within | wrong, ill (adv) | because | (imperative) | perpetually, always, without end, without ceasing | thank, thanks |
| La- | the | nothing, no one, nobody | by | here, there | bad | never, at no time | (present participle) | of |
| Si-/Ti- | yes, okay, gladly, agreed | the same (thing) | each, every | good morning/afternoon | little, scarcely | mister, sir* | young man, bachelor* | (passive participle) |
* Feminine versions are formed by stressing the last syllable.
Apart from stress and length, solresol words are not inflected. Word order is also rather strict.
Solresol marks feminine gender and plural number, by stressing or lengthening the last syllable of a word:
This only affects the first word in a noun phrase. That is, it only affects a noun when the noun is alone, as above; any determiner ('the', 'my', etc.) will take the gender or number marking instead:
Parts of speech are derived from verbs by lengthening (or perhaps stressing; the description is not clear) one of the syllables: abstract noun (1st syllable), agent/doer (2nd syllable), adjective (penult), adverb (last syllable). For example,
Questions are formed by inverted subject and verb.
The various tense-and-mood particles are the double syllables, as given in vocabulary above. In addition, passive verbs are formed with faremi between this particle and the verb. The subjunctive is formed with mire before the pronoun. The negative do only appears once in the clause, before the word it negates.
The word fasi before a noun or adjective is augmentative; after it is superlative. Sifa is the opposite (diminutive):
Using the Tonic sol-fa system by John Curwen, SolReSol can also be signed.
Another way of using Solresol is called ses, and was developed by George Boeree.Template:Cn The notes are given a representative consonant and vowel (or diphthong). The most basic words use the vowel alone; all others begin with a consonant followed by a vowel (or diphthong), etc.
In this way, one can write or pronounce words such as these:
Because the plural and feminine forms of words in Solresol are indicated by stress or length of sounds, ses uses pau (some) or fai (many) to indicate the plural, and mu (well) to indicate the feminine when necessary.
Template:Commons category
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Category:Analytic languages]] Category:Musical languages]] Category:Constructed languages]] Category:International auxiliary languages]] Category:1827 introductions]]
Category:Languages attested from the 19th century]]
索来索语（Solresol）是1817年法国人Jean François Sudre提出的人工语言。它以视唱（一种分辨音符的方法）为基础，语法和词汇由7个音符组成，它可以书写说话，还能歌唱以及用乐器来演奏。
如Ro，字按其首个音节或音符分成不同种类的意思。举例说，用「sol」起头的字的意思和艺术或科学有关，而以「solsol」起头的字和疾病和医药有关（例如solresol=语言；solsolredo=偏头痛）。
索来索语另一个特色是语言中反义的字，其音节也相反。例如fala即好或好吃，lafa即坏。
另一种基于音乐的人工语言是Bruce Koestner所创的Eaiea，使用了西方12个半音。
这是两个音节词表:
| 第一个（下） 和第二个（右边）音节 | 没有第二个音节 | -do(声音:多) | -re(声音:利) | -mi(声音：米) | - fa(声音：法) | -sol(声音:所) | -la (声音：啦) | -ti(声音：四) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (声音：多)do- | 不 | (过去时) | 我 | 你 | 他 | 自己 | 谁 | 其他 |
| (声音：利)Re- | 以及 | 我的 | (过去完成式) | 你的 | 他的 | 我们的 | 你们的 | 他们的 |
| (声音：米)Mi- | 或 | 用以 | 何人, 该 | (将来时) | 谁的...？ | 很好 | 这里是/还有是, 看哪 | 晚上好 |
| (声音：法)fa- | 对于 | 什么? | 同 | 这个, 那个 | (条件式) | 为什么 | 好，美味 | 非常 |
| (声音：所)Sol- | 如果 | 然而 | 内, 里边 | 生病, 不对 | 因为 | (命令式) | 总是 | 谢谢 |
| (声音：啦)la- | 那个 | 没什么，没有人 | 经过 | 在这里, 那里 | 不好 | 从来没有 | (现在分词) | 的 |
| (声音：四)ti- | 是的，同意 | 同样(的事情) | 每个 | 早上好，下午好 | 有一点, 少 | 先生 | 学士，年轻人 | (过去分词) |
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Category:国际辅助语言]] Category:音樂語言]]
